African Journal of Urology

Table 1 Demographic data and clinical characters of hypospadias cases and control group

From: Genetic and other epidemiological risk factors of infants and children with hypospadias: a case control study

	Hypospadias cases (N = 50)		Controls (N = 50)		Test
	No	%	No	%	Test
Age in years
Mean ± SD	3.28 ± 2.87		3.19 ± 2.95		U = 1199.50
Min.–Max	0.90–12.0		0.70–12.0		p = 0.727
Mother age
Mean ± SD	30.74 ± 5.18		25.12 ± 4.15		U = 494.50*
Min.–Max	20.0–42.0		18.0–36.0		p < 0.001*
Father age
Mean ± SD	35.66 ± 5.62		32.56 ± 5.37		U = 861.0*
Min.–Max	25.0–50.0		22.0–49.0		p = 0.007*
Consanguinity
No	34	68.0	44	88.0	χ² = 5.828*
Yes	16	32.0	6	12.0	p = 0.016*
Residence
Urban	14	28.0	37	74.0	χ² = 21.168*
Rural	36	72.0	13	26.0	p < 0.001*
Delivery
Vaginal	25	50.0	28	56.0	χ² = 0.361
Cesarean	25	50.0	22	44.0	p = 0.548
Birth weight
Normal	44	88.0	47	94.0	χ² = 1.099
Low	6	12.0	3	6.0	^FEp = 0.487
Gestational age
Full term	36	72.0	47	94.0	χ² = 8.575*
Preterm	14	28.0	3	6.0	p = 0.003*

Bold indicated that p < 0.05 was regarded as a significant value
SD: Standard deviation, U: Mann–Whitney test, χ²: Chi-square test, FE: Fisher Exact, p: p value for comparing between the two studied groups

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