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African Journal of Urology

Table 6 Causes of failure of abdominal surgical repair in patients with high VVF and VUF (N = 16)

From: Outcome and predictors of failure of abdominal surgical repair of high vesico-vaginal and vesico-uterine fistulae at Gezira Hospital for Renal Disease and Surgery

Cause

Frequency

%

Recurrent fistula

8

50

Size > 3 cm

5

31

Multiple fistulae

3

19

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