Table 2 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV-positive patients experiencing lower urinary tract symptoms
Variable | Mild LUTS: n = 167 (%) | Moderate LUTS: n = 97 (%) | Severe LUTS: n = 15 (%) | Total: n = 279 (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||
Male | 58 (46.8) | 55 (44.4) | 11 (8.9) | 124 (44.4) | < 0.001 |
Female | 109 (70.3) | 42 (27.1) | 4 (2.6) | 155 (55.6) | |
Age groups (years) | |||||
< 40 | 50 (72.5) | 18 (26.1) | 1 (1.4) | 69 (24.7) | < 0.001 |
40–49 | 56 (70.9) | 23 (29.1) | 0 (0.0) | 79 (28.3) | |
> 49 | 61 (46.6) | 56 (42.7) | 14 (10.7) | 131 (47.0) | |
Education level | |||||
No formal | 5 (41.7) | 6 (50.0) | 1 (8.3) | 12 (4.3) | 0.505 |
Primary | 68 (59.7) | 39 (34.2) | 7 (6.1) | 114 (40.9) | |
Secondary | 62 (66.0) | 29 (30.8) | 3 (3.2) | 94 (33.7) | |
College/University | 32 (54.2) | 23 (39.0) | 4 (6.8) | 59 (21.1) | |
Marital status | |||||
Married | 82 (61.2) | 44 (32.8) | 8 (6.0) | 134 (48.0) | 0.770 |
Not married | 85 (58.6) | 53 (36.6) | 7 (4.8) | 145 (52.0) | |
Employment status | |||||
Formal | 89 (54.3) | 66 (40.2) | 9 (5.5) | 164 (58.8) | 0.063 |
No formal | 78 (67.8) | 31 (27.0) | 6 (5.2) | 115 (41.2) | |
CD4 count (cells/mm3) | |||||
≤ 200 | 25 (58.1) | 16 (37.2) | 2 (4.7) | 43 (15.4) | 0.742 |
201–499 | 62 (65.3) | 29 (30.5) | 4(4.2) | 95 (34.1) | |
≥ 500 | 80 (56.7) | 52 (36.9) | 9 (6.4) | 141 (50.5) | |
Viral load (copies/mL) | |||||
Undetectable | 132 (58.4) | 80 (35.4) | 14 (6.2) | 226 (81.0) | 0.219 |
< 1000 | 5 (41.7) | 7 (58.3) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (4.3) | |
≥ 1000 | 30 (73.2) | 10 (24.4) | 1 (2.4) | 41 (14.7) | |
Antiretroviral therapy regimen | |||||
TLD | 147 (60.2) | 84 (34.4) | 13 (5.3) | 244 (87.5) | 0.546 |
TLE | 4 (80.0) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (1.8) | |
ALD | 12 (60.2) | 5 (26.3) | 2 (10.5) | 19 (6.8) | |
ETA | 3 (42.9) | 4 (57.1) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (2.5) | |
Others | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.4) | |
Antiretroviral therapy duration of use (years) | |||||
≤ 1 | 9 (81.8) | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) | 11(3.9) | 0.036 |
> 1 but ≤ 10 | 82 (68.9) | 33 (27.2) | 4 (3.4) | 119 (42.7) | |
> 10 | 76(51.0) | 62 (42.6) | 11 (7.4) | 149 (53.4) | |
HIV stage (WHO) | |||||
Stage I | 28 (66.7) | 12 (28.5) | 2 (4.8) | 42 (15.1) | 0.039 |
Stage II | 58 (66.7) | 28 (32.2) | 1 (1.1) | 87 (31.2) | |
Stage III | 62 (60.2) | 35 (34.0) | 6 (5.8) | 103 (36.9) | |
Stage IV | 19 (40.4) | 22 (46.8) | 6 (12.8) | 47 (16.8) | |