Table 1 Risk of bias assessment using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS)
No | References | Study design | Selection | Comparability | Exposure | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Wang et al. [17] | Case–control | 4★ | 2★ | 3★ | 9★ |
2 | Leruth et al. [18] | Cohort | 3★ | 2★ | 3★ | 8★ |
3 | Le Claire et al. [19] | Cohort | 3★ | 2★ | 2★ | 7★ |
4 | Reena et al. [20] | Cohort | 4★ | 2★ | 2★ | 8★ |
5 | Cruz et al. [21] | Cohort | 4★ | 2★ | 3★ | 9★ |
6 | Syan et al. [23] | Cohort | 3★ | 1★ | 2★ | 6★ |
7 | Sato et al. [24] | Cohort | 3★ | 2★ | 3★ | 8★ |
8 | Song [26] | Cohort | 3★ | 2★ | 3★ | 8★ |
9 | Lensen et al. [27] | Cohort | 4★ | 2★ | 3★ | 9★ |
10 | Khayyami et al. [16] | Cohort | 3★ | 2★ | 2★ | 7★ |
11 | Kawaguchi et al. [22] | Cohort | 3★ | 2★ | 2★ | 7★ |
12 | Bideau et al. [25] | Cohort | 3★ | 2★ | 3★ | 8★ |
13 | Lo et al. [28] | Cohort | 4★ | 2★ | 2★ | 8★ |
14 | Ugianskiene et al. [29] | Cohort | 4★ | 2★ | 2★ | 8★ |
15 | Frigerio et al. [30] | Cohort | 4★ | 2★ | 2★ | 8★ |
16 | Hu et al. [31] | Cohort | 2★ | 2★ | 3★ | 7★ |