Table 1 A table demonstrating the key features of patients who have been found to have concurrent melanosis and urothelial carcinoma

Bladder melanosis with concurrent urothelial carcinoma [2]

Female

Haematuria and urinary obstruction

Pigmented bladder and fungating mass from right VUJ

Histology-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma with squamous features

TURBT

A right nephrostomy tube was placed. The patient began neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Planned cystectomy and urinary diversion

Urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma and melanosis of the bladder: a case report and review of the literature [3]

Male

Loin pain and haematuria

Diffusely pigmented bladder as well as a right ureteric TCC

Histology- grade 3 invasive TCC

Right laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with an open lower end

Regular cystoscopic and radiological surveillance

Urinary Bladder Melanosis Associated with Urothelial Dysplasia and Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma [4]

Female

Haematuria

Black-colored tumor involving trigone, obscuring both ureteric orifices

Histology- High-grade urothelial carcinoma invading into muscularis propria

TURBT and insertion of JJ stents

Not a candidate for radical surgery

The patient passed away after 2 months

High grade transitional cell carcinoma [5]

Female

Recurrent UTI

One year later developed haematuria

Originally, cystoscopy showed pigmented areas

Histology was benign

One year later, cystoscopy revealed a mucosal tumor

Histology- G1pT1N0M0 TCC of bladder

TURBT and intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy

Surveillance cystoscopy every 3 months, and imaging of upper tracts

Our case

Female

Recurrent UTI

A black pigmented lesion in the bladder. Suspicious urothelium in the dome of the bladder

Histology- G1 pTa urothelial tumor of the bladder, keratinizing squamous metaplasia

TURBT

Routine surveillance