Endogenous testosterone density associates with predictors of tumor upgrading and disease progression in the low through favorable intermediate prostate cancer risk categories: analysis of risk factors and clinical implications

Porcaro, Antonio B.; Bianchi, Alberto; Gallina, Sebastian; Ditonno, Francesco; Ornaghi, Paola I.; Serafin, Emanuele; Tafuri, Alessandro; Panunzio, Andrea; Cerrato, Clara; Vidiri, Stefano; D’Aietti, Damiano; Mazzucato, Giovanni; Rizzetto, Riccardo; Amigoni, Nelia; De Marco, Vincenzo; Migliorini, Filippo; Zecchini Antoniolli, Stefano; Brunelli, Matteo; Siracusano, Salvatore; Cerruto, Maria Angela; Antonelli, Alessandro

doi:10.1186/s12301-023-00366-2

African Journal of Urology

Table 3 Tumor progression in low and favorable intermediate risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients

From: Endogenous testosterone density associates with predictors of tumor upgrading and disease progression in the low through favorable intermediate prostate cancer risk categories: analysis of risk factors and clinical implications

Number (%)	No PCa progression	PCa progression	p-value	Multivariable model I (*)		Multivariable model II (*)
Number (%)	318 (88.1)	43 (11.9)		HR (95% CI)		Multivariable model II (*)
Follow-up (months), median (IQR)	37 (21–54)	45 (31–53)	0.282
Clinical features				Clinical
Age (years), median (IQR)	65 (61–70)	64 (60–68)	0.297
BMI (kg/m²), median (IQR)	25.6 (23.7–27.8)	25.4 (23.9–26.8)	0.677
ET (ng/dL), median (IQR)	410.5 (316.7–510)	412.3 (334.2–490)	0.797
ETD (ng/(dL x mL)), median (IQR)	10 (7–14.6)	11.7 (6.2–17.9)	0.465
PSA (ng/mL), median (IQR)	5.7 (4.3–7.3)	6.5 (4.9–8)	0.039	excluded by model
PSAD (ng/(mL x mL)), median (IQR)	0.13 (0.10–0.19)	0.18 (0.10–0.24)	0.033	66.581 (4.859–912.422)	0.002	99.906 (6.519–1531.133)	0.001
PV (mL), median (IQR)	40 (30–50)	36 (26–51)	0.388
BPC (%), median (IQR)	28 (17–45.2)	33 (21–50)	0.125
BPCD (%/mL), median (IQR)	0.70 (0.38–1.22)	0.84 (0.45–1.86)	0.107
ASA, n (%)			0.768
ASA 1	36 (11.3)	5 (11.6)
ASA 2	258 (81.1)	36 (83.7)
ASA 3	24 (7.5)	2 (4.7)
cT, n (%)			0.988
cT1c	237 (74.5)	32 (74)
cT 2a/2b	81 (25.5)	11 (25.6)
ISUP, n (%)			0.071
ISUP 1	165 (51.9)	16 (37.2)
ISUP 2	153 (48.1)	27 (62.8)
Pathological features				Pathological
PW (grams; gr), median (IQR)	52 (40–65)	49 (40 -68)	0.512
TL (%), median (IQR)	15 (10–25)	20 (10–20)	0.389
TLD (%/gr), median (IQR)	0.28 (0.16–0.53)	0.33 (0.19–0.50)	0.456
ISUP, n (%)			< 0.0001
ISU p < 3	211 (66.4)	16 (37.2)		Ref.
ISUP > 2	107 (33.6)	27 (62.8)		3.203 (1.685–6.089)	< 0.0001	3.586 (1.874–6.863)	< 0.0001
pT, n (%)			< 0.0001
pT2	282 (88.7)	31 (72.1)		Ref.
pT3a	24 (7.5)	2 (4.7)		excluded by model
pT3b	12 (3.8)	10 (23.3)		2.595 (1.222–5.512)	0.013	2.811 (1.359–5.818)	0.005
SM, n (%)			0.001
NSM	246 (77.4)	23 (53.5)		Ref.
PSM	72 (22.6)	20 (46.5)		1.984 (1.063–3.705)	0.031	excluded by model

*Cox Proportional Hazards (Wald forward method)

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