From: Trends and predictors of incidence of hypospadias in a tertiary hospital in South Africa
Variables | Crude analysis OR (95% CI) | Stratified age Analysis OR (95% CI) | Combined M-H OR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
< 36 years | ≥ 36 years | |||
Mothers’ previous medical history | 2.80 (0.61; 12.86) | 2.59 (0.41; 16.15) | 2.62 (0.16; 43.30) | 2.60 (0.56; 12.05) |
Mothers’ previous surgical history | 1.29 (0.62; 2.68) | 0.87 (0.32; 2.38) | 2.04 (0.69; 5.98) | 1.27 (0.61; 2.64) |
Mothers’ prenatal vaccination | 0.92 (0.39; 2.18) | 1.24 (0.35; 4.39) | 0.66 (0.20; 2.16) | 0.89 (0.38; 2.13) |
Mothers’ mode of delivery | 3.99 (1.81; 8.77) | 1.78 (0.58; 5.47) | 9.6 (2.99; 30.75) | 3.93 (1.81; 8.55) |
Mothers’ history of congenital abnormalities | 3.03 (0.93; 9.91) | 2.98 (0.67; 13.17) | 2.68 (3.59; 19.94) | 2.88 (0.87; 9.49) |
Mothers’ smoking history | 1.54 (0.34; 7.08) | 0.82 (0.72; 9.34) | 2.68 (0.56; 19.94) | 1.59 (0.35; 7.22) |
Mothers’ history of alcohol consumption | 3.10 (1.19; 8.09) | 1.76 (0.53; 5.84) | 7.5 (1.37; 41.10) | 2.87 (1.11; 7.41) |
Traditional herbal use by Mothers | 2.05 (1.11; 3.78) | 1.94 (0,88; 4.39) | 1.93 (0.73; 5.09) | 1.95 (1.05; 3.63) |
Mothers’ employment status | 0.85 (0.48; 1.50) | 1.49 (0.66; 3.39) | 0.40 (0.17; 0.96) | 0.81 (0.45; 1.43) |
Mothers’ educational level (high education is taken as reference) | 0.48 (0,21; 1.09) | 0.80 (0.29:2.18) | 0.20 (0.45; 0.91) | 0.53 (0.24; 1.19) |
Number of babies born at a time by mother | 1.69 (0.64; 4.50) | 1.74 (0.47; 6.39) | 1.6 (0.36; 7.16) | 1.68 (0.63; 4.48) |
Babies’ birth weight | 0.35 (0.19; 0.63) | 0.32 (1.45; 0.72) | 0.38 (0.16; 0.89) | 0.35 (0.19; 0.62) |