African Journal of Urology

Table 2 Factors associated with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies

From: Factors associated with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies among pediatric patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Associated factors	Urethra anomalies N (%)
Associated factors	Yes, n = 94	No, n = 292	CR	p-value	AOR	p-value
Folic acid use	91 (96.8)	266 (91.1)	0.337	0.08	0.350	0.100
Smoking	1 (1.1)	2 (0.7)	1.559	0.718	0.614	0.693
Diabetes mellitus	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	1.00	0.000	8.12 × 10⁸	1.000
Hypertension	23 (24.5)	54 (18.5)	1.428	0.209	0.655	0.144
Pesticide exposure	6 (6.4)	16 (5.5)	1.276	0.743	0.851	0.748
Radiation exposure	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)			–	–
Normal birth weight	63 (67.0)	181 (62.0)	1.246	0.379	0.806	0.487
Singleton	92 (97.9)	287 (98.3)	0.801	0.793	1.175	0.855
Term delivery	81 (86.2)	244 (98.3)	1.226	0.547	0.999	0.998
FH urethral anomalies	4 (4.3)	10 (3.4)	1.253	0.708	0.806	0.723

CR; crude ratio, AOR; adjusted odds ratio, FH; familial history

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