Fig. 1

Diagrammatic schema showing testicular descent, A–C shows the trans-abdominal phase and D–F shows the inguinoscrotal phase. A and B Testis (T) in the urogenital ridge with Müllerian duct, Wolffian duct, CSL (cranial suspensory ligament) and Gubernaculum (G). C The CSL regression occurs during the trans-abdominal phase. D The gubernacular enlargement occurs under influence of various factors like INSL-3, supported by MIH. The genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (GFN) innervates the gubernaculum and scrotal wall. E and F in the inguinoscrotal phase gubernaculum migrates and elongates along with processus vaginalis (PV) through the deep inguinal ring (DIR) to the scrotum