African Journal of Urology

Table 1 Association of E-cadherin expression and outcomes (muscle invasion, stage, grade, metastasis, multifocality, recurrence, and mortality)

From: E-cadherin expressions on bladder and its association with cancer progressivity: a retrospective cohort study

Outcomes	E-cadherin		P
Outcomes	High (n, %)	Low (n, %)	P
Muscle invasion
NMIBC	14 (100)	0 (0)	0.06^c
MIBC	20 (76.92)	6 (23.08)
Stage
I	13 (100)	0 (0)	0.02^b
II	7 (87.5)	1 (12.5)
III	7 (100)	0 (0)
IV	7 (58.3)	5 (41.67)
Grade
Low	14 (100)	0 (0)	0.06^c
High	20 (76.92)	6 (23.08)
Metastasis
No	33 (94.29)	2 (5.71)	0.001^c
Yes	1 (20)	4 (80)
Multifocality
No	10 (71.43)	4 (28.57)	0.1^c
Yes	24 (92.31)	2 (7.69)
Recurrence
No	21 (84)	4 (16)	0.6^c
Yes	13 (86.67)	2 (13.33)
Mortality^a
No	13 (86.67)	2 (13.33)	0.29^c
Yes	5 (62.5)	3 (37.5)

P value of less than 0.05 was accepted as statistically signifcant
^aMortality was recorded in only 23 patients, while the rest were lost to follow up
^bKruskal–Wallis test
^cFisher’s exact test

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