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Table 4 Protocols, findings and conclusions of studies that compared CB with PPNB

From: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: periprostatic block versus caudal block for analgesia—a randomized trial

Study

Protocol

Number of patients

Pain score at prostate biopsy

p value

Conclusion

A

B

A

B

Na Wang et al. [13]

CBα

PPNBβ + IRLAδ

190 (95 each)

1.4 ± 1.3

1.9 ± 1.6

0.01

CB better

Horinaga et al. [9]

CBϕ

PPNBϕ

100 (50 each)

2.1 ± 1.9

1.1 ± 1.3

0.01

PPNB better

Urabe et al. [10]

CBϕ + IRLAε

PPNBϕ + IRLAε

532 (266 each)

3.0 ± 2.6

2.9 ± 2.5

0.56

No difference

Obi et al. [12]

CBλ (saddle)

PPNBϕ (digit guided)

75 (25 each—added a 3rd group with no analgesia)

0.7 ± 1.6

4.6 ± 2.3

0.00

CB better

Our study

CBμ

PPNBσ

80 (40 each)

3.1 ± 2.6

2.8 ± 2.7

0.40

No difference

  1. Anaesthetic agents used: α20 ml 1.2% lidocaine; β10 ml 1% lidocaine + 0.5% ropivacaine; δ0.3% oxybuprocaine gel; ϕ10 ml 1% lidocaine; ε10 ml 1% lidocaine gel; λ0.5 ml 0.5% bupivacaine; μ10 ml 2% lidocaine; and σ20 ml 1% lidocaine