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Fig. 2 | African Journal of Urology

Fig. 2

From: Role of non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging in pre-surgical evaluation of renal masses in renal impairment patients

Fig. 2

Coronal T2w images with fat suppression (SPAIR) a, b, c and axial T2w fat suppression (SPAIR) image d, showing partially exophytic heterogeneous focal lesion arising from the upper pole of the left kidney, with T1 hypo- and T2 hyperintense areas, a central area of hyperintensity seen representing central necrotic area (curved arrow). The tumor tissue is seen reaching renal hilum with extension into the renal sinus fat, invasion of the upper and middle calyceal system of the left kidney with invasion of the renal capsule and extension into the perinephric fat, the tumor tissue is seen inseparable from the spleen. Multiple pathologically enlarged regional lymph nodes (white stars). A hyperintense soft tissue extension of the tumor is seen expanding the left renal vein reaching end of the vein into the IVC, still clear IVC is noted (straight arrow)

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