Clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer using digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity

African Journal of Urology

Table 3 Detection accuracy of prostate cancer using DRE and PSAT

Studies	Sample size	Sensitivity (%)		Specificity (%)		Population with suspicious test results		Confirmed PC cases after biopsy		False-positive cases of PC
Studies	Sample size	DRE	PSAT	DRE	PSAT	DRE	PSAT	DRE	PSAT	DRE	PSAT
Sunanda et al. [20]	60	60.0	95.0	92.5	46.6	15	60	9	20	6	40
Walsh et al. [18]	1451	81.0	35.0	40.0	36.0	74	1348	36	69	38	1279
Ojewola et al. [21]	168	75.7	94.6	44.7	20.2	108	145	56	74	52	71
Al-Rumaihi et al. [29]	651	46.1	93.9	84.7	8.5	155	615	83	360	72	255
Abdrado et al. [31]	118	63.8	91.6	46.9	24.0	49	118	23	36	16	82
Ahmed et al. [17]	194	48.1	96.3	13.3	25.7	66	148	26	54	40	94
Alonso-Sandoica et al. [7]	706	43.2	52.0	89.2	56.0	141	706	86	199	55	507
Issa et al. [19]	628	46.0	80.0	56.0	72.0	281	604	134	293	147	311
	3976					862	3744	453	1105	426	2639

Numbers in bold provide comparative figures for false positive cases of PC (over-diagnoses) between PSAT and DRE
DRE digital rectal examination, PSAT prostate-specific antigen test, PC prostate cancer