Table 1 The demographics data, clinical characteristics, and preoperative radiologic findings

Age (years)

 Range

18–68 years

 Mean ± SD

41.10 ± 13.99 years

Gender [n (%)]

 Male

43 (64)

 Females

24 (36)

Laterality [n (%)]

 Right kidney

32 (48)

 Left kidney

35 (52)

Stone size (burden) (mm²)

 Range

78.5–439.6 mm²

 Mean ± SD

172.48 ± 69.54 mm²

Stone radio-opacity [n (%)]

 Radio-opaque

56 (83.6)

 Radio-lucent

11 (16.4)

Stone density on NCCT, HU

 Range

460–1650 HU

 Mean ± SD

1022 ± 315 HU

History of urolithiasis [n (%)]

 Denovo stone

31 (46.3)

 Recurrent stone

36 (53.7)

Indication of MIPNL [n (%)]

 SWL failure

44 (66)

 Stone in a closed calyx

7 (10)

 Patients’ preference

16 (24)

State of P/C system [n (%)]

 Normal

32 (47.8)

 Dilated

35 (52.2)

  Mild

22 (32.8)

  Moderate

9 (13.4)

  Severe

4 (6.0)